The pituitary gland is one of several glands that compose the endocrine system, which plays an important role in itself. It is a pea sized protrusion at the base of the brain and is located near the hypothalamus. The gland is also referred to as hypophysis, which is derived from a Greek term that literally translates to “growth beneath”. The main purpose of the pituitary gland is to regulate the hormones that are vital to several basic body processes. Among these hormonal activities include synthesis and release of breast milk, human growth, water retention, and thyroid gland secretions.

The pituitary gland is the most widely studied gland in the endocrine system. This gland is divided into three different sections: 1) anterior lobe, 2) posterior lobe, and 3) intermediate lobe. Each of these sections found within the gland play their distinct roles that they are often considered as glands on their own.

The anterior lobe is an extension of the pharynx, while the posterior lobe is made up of neural tissues that make it of neurological importance. However, the anterior lobe plays a more critical role because it secretes six important hormones needed by the rest of the body to function. The first hormone is ACTH or Adrenocorticotrophic hormone that stimulates the secretion of adrenal gland hormones. The second hormone is the hGH or human growth hormone, which is important to help the body develop its muscles, viscera, and bones.

Thyroid stimulating hormone is another important hormone produced by the pituitary gland for the development of the thyroid. Meanwhile, follicle stimulating hormone is also produced by the anterior lobe for production of egg in females and sperm in males. Finally, the pituitary gland secretes prolactin and luteinzing hormone for development of the breast and reproductive organs of the body, respectively.

This gland develops during the early stages of human growth and development. It is responsible for controlling the function of all other glands in the endocrine system, which is also why it is considered as the “master gland”. There is also a tiny stem known as pituitary stalk that is responsible for connecting the gland to the brain’s hypothalamus.

Understanding the basic function of the pituitary gland is vital in understanding how the human body functions. Despite its small size, the importance of this gland in several other body processes cannot be taken lightly.

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